


Two details of the ester synthesis
ate very unusual: 1. Esterification
needs a lot of time (some days).
2. It is never completed (1/3
of the acid will remain).
Ester-Synthesis (Esterification)
(CH3COOH)
+ HO-C2H5 ---(catalyst)---> CH3COO-C2H5
+ H2O
Acetic acid
ethanol
ester
water
In order to measure which amount
of acetic acid was consumed for ester synthesis, take samples after 1, 2, 3,
... days for neutralisation by 1M sodium hydroxide.
Material
Ampoule in which acetic acid and ethanol were mixed, insulin syringe, dropper
bottles with 1M NaOH and with phenolphthalein solution, four ampoule (3 mL)
for titration.
Experiment
1. Take a 1-ml syringe to transfer 0.2 ml samples of the mixture into an ampoule.
2. Add 1 drop of phenolphthalein
solution as an indicator.
3 Shake while you add drops of 1M
sodium hydroxide to neutralise the acetic acid remaining in the sample.
4. Write down how many drops of alkali
were needed for neutralization.
5. The
endpoint of neutralisation is reached when the pink colour does not longer disappear
by shaking.
Observation
(Photo) Consumption of 1M NaOH for neutralisation of acids in 0,2-ml samples
of the mixture:
a) after mixing: 40
drops (2 ml), after 12 hours: 20 drops (1 ml), after
3 days: 10 drops (0.5 ml).
Explanation
CH3COOH(aq)
+ NaOH(aq) --------(neutralisation)---------->
CH3COONa(aq) + H2O(l)
Acetic acid
sodium hydroxide
salt solution water
Even after many days 0.5 ml of sodium
1M NaOH (= 1/4 of the initial volume) were needed for neutralisation of further
samples. So 1/4 of the acid was still present in the mixture.